Editor's Note: This article was originally published in The Nation on July 12, 2009.
Oil was discovered in Ghana just in 2007. A wide swath of the Atlantic's Western shores, the area stretching from Morocco to Angola is becoming Africa's "Oil Gulf." Oil-producing countries in Africa, including those in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, now provide 24 percent of US oil imports. Africa has outstripped the Middle East as an oil supplier to America. Increasingly, Africa's oil is being produced offshore.
Off Ghana's deep Atlantic shores, the Texas-based, Kosmos Energy already controls the Jubilee Fields, one of the largest oil finds in West Africa in the past decade, which is predicted to hold 1.2 billion barrels of oil. In May, 2009 Kosmos began to draw bids for shares of its stake in the oil-rich fields. Global energy players — Chevron Corp, Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, China National Offshore Oil Company and British Petroleum — all with a focused eye on Africa, and a bloodied record on the continent are beginning to circle like vultures. After all, the deadline for Kosmos Energy Bids is July 17, a week after Obama's visit to Ghana.
With heightened interest in Africa's oil, the US has moved to strengthen its military (and naval) presence in Africa's "Oil Gulf." In October 2008, the US Africa Command was officially established. Transplanting a framework from the Middle East, US military assets would be aimed at securing Africa's oil and seeking so-called "terrorists." The US Africa Command claims to "help Africans help themselves." The command lists humanitarian missions like dental clinics, building of schools, wells, etc. What is more opaque is the intent to train and arm proxy militaries that can secure and sustain the ever-present fix for the United States' addiction to fossil fuels.
Ghanaian human rights and social justice activists are expressing concerns that President Obama's high profile visit may be a fig leaf for covert plans to further US military expansion in Africa and move the US Africa Command from its current site in Stuttgart to an Africa base.
Ghanaians and other Africans are clamoring for a new direction in US Africa policy, one based in mutual interests and mutual respect.
Can the Obama administration curb the thrust towards a militarized foreign policy by reversing the advance of AFRICOM and US military expansion in Africa?
More importantly, can the Obama administration transfer its rhetorical commitment to a green economy into concrete policies that end our addiction to oil?
The long term impact of Obama's trip to Ghana may well be viewed through the lens of these critical questions.
Emira Woods is co-director of Foreign Policy In Focus.
