Foreign Policy In Focus Special Report: A Secure America in a Secure World

<body background="../../images/background.jpg"> <table width="562" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="38"> <tr> <td height="53" width="562"> <img src="../images/fpif-head.gif" width="600" height="40" alt="Foreign Policy In Focus"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1"><a href="index.html" target="_parent"><br> FPIF Home</a> | <a href="http://www.ips-dc.org/" target="_parent">IPS Home</a> | <a href="http://www.irc-online.org/" target="_parent">IRC Home</a> | <a href="site-index.html" target="_parent">Site Index</a> | <a href="search.html" target="_parent">Search</a> | <a href="form_subscribe-briefs.html" target="_parent">Subscribe</a> | <a href="form_feedback.html" target="_parent">Feedback</a> | <a href="https://secure.iexposure.com/fpif.org/donate.cfm" target="_blank">Donate</a></font></td> </tr> </table> <br> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600"> <tr valign="top"> <td width="518"><p><font color="008080"><i><u>FPIF Special Report<br> </u></i>September 2004</font></p> <h1 align="left"><font face="Arial" color="008080"> A Secure America <br> in a Secure World</font></h1> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" color="008080">By John Gershman <br> </font><font color="008080"><i>John Gershman is also an adjunct professor at NYU’s Robert F. Wagner Graduate School for Public Service. He was previously a research fellow at the Institute for Health and Social Justice (1995-2000) and policy director at the Institute for Food and Development Policy (1992-1995). He has co-edited two books on global economics and authored or co-authored several articles on security in the Asia/Pacific, including “Is Southeast Asia the Second Front?” </i>Foreign Affairs<i>, July/August 2002.</i></font></p></td> <td width="82"><p><a href="../../pdf/reports/terrorism/FPIFterrorRPTsmall.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="../../images/icon_download_&_print.gif" width="69" height="24" border="0" alt="Printable PDF"></a></p> <p><a href="javascript:openTafWindow('/?action=etfform&url=http://www.fpif.org/papers/04terror/app3.html','TellAFriend','scrolling=yes,resizable,width=600,height=400')"><img src="../../images/icon_share.gif" width="38" height="27" border="0" alt="Email this page to a friend"></a></p> <p><a href="../../form_feedback.html" target="_parent"><img src="../../images/icon_feedback.gif" width="51" height="22" border="0" alt="Give us your feedback"></a></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><table width="600" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">Foreign Policy In Focus</font></td> <td><div align="right"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1"><a href="http://www.fpif.org/" target="_parent">www.fpif.org</a></font></div></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" colspan="2"><p> </p> <h3> App. 3: U.N. Security Council Resolutions Regarding Terrorism Post-September 11, 2001</h3> <h4>Resolution 1368: Adopted September 12, 2001</h4> <p> Condemns the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and those responsible for the support of the relevant terrorist organizations and calls on the international community to participate in the cooperation and full implementation of relevant international anti-terrorist conventions and Security Council resolutions; in particular, Resolution 1269.1</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1373: Adopted September 28, 2001</h4> <p> Reaffirms previous commitments to anti-terrorism and obligates all member states—under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations2—to criminalize terrorist funds and states harboring or supporting terrorists and to establish effective border control regulations. The resolution creates the Counter-Terrorism Committee as a subsidiary body of the Security Council to monitor the implementation of Resolution 1373 and to increase the capability of states to fight terrorism.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1377: Adopted November 12, 2001</h4> <p> Calls on all states to implement the affirmations in Resolution 1373, welcomes the commitment of states to fight international terrorism, and encourages all states to become parties to the relevant international conventions and protocols.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1438: Adopted October 14, 2002</h4> <p> Strongly condemns the bomb attacks in Bali, Indonesia, on October 12, 2002, and urges all states, in accordance with Resolution 1373, to cooperate to combat such terrorist activities.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1440: Adopted October 24, 2002</h4> <p> Strongly condemns the hostage situation in Moscow, the Russian Federation, on October 23, 2002, and urges all states, in accordance with Resolution 1373, to cooperate to combat such terrorist activities.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1450: Adopted December 13, 2002</h4> <p> Strongly condemns the terrorist bomb attack at the Paradise Hotel in Kikambala, Kenya, and the attempted missile attack on Arkia Israeli Airlines on November 28, 2002, and urges all states to cooperate in efforts to combat such terrorist activities.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1456: Adopted January 20, 2003</h4> <p> Reaffirms all previous commitments to combat terrorism and then calls upon states to cooperate closely to implement the sanctions against terrorism and to bring to justice those who “finance, plan, support or commit terrorist acts or provide safe havens,” in accordance with international law. All states must take urgent action to prevent and suppress all active and passive forms of terrorism.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1465: Adopted February 13, 2003</h4> <p> Strongly condemns the bomb attack in Bogota, Colombia, on February 7, 2003, and reaffirms the need to combat terrorism by all means in accordance with the U.N. Charter.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1516: Adopted November 20, 2003</h4> <p> Strongly condemns the bomb attacks in Istanbul, Turkey, on November 15, 2003, and November 20, 2003, and urges all states, in accordance with their obligations under Resolution 1373, to cooperate in efforts to find and bring to justice the perpetrators, organizers, and sponsors of these terrorist attacks.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1526: Adopted January 30, 2004</h4> <p> Enumerates a list of sanctions to be imposed against al-Qaida members and others officially identified as members of terrorist organizations (including freezing funds, denying entry, etc.) and strengthens the mandate of the assigned committee to include monitoring the implementation of these measures under Resolution 1267 (1999).</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1530: Adopted March 11, 2004</h4> <p> Strongly condemns the bombings in Madrid, Spain, on March 11, 2003 (although the resolution identifies the perpetrators as the ETA) and reaffirms the need to combat terrorism by all means in accordance with the U.N. Charter.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1535: Adopted March 26, 2004</h4> <p> Restructures the organization of the Counter-Terrorism Committee.</p> <p> </p> <h4> Resolution 1540: Adopted April 28, 2004</h4> <p> Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, this resolution forbids states from providing any form of support to nonstate actors that attempt to develop, acquire, manufacture, possess, transport, transfer, or use nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons and their means of delivery, and it requires all states to adopt and enforce effective laws that prohibit any nonstate actor from developing, acquiring, or using nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons and their means of delivery, in particular for terrorist purposes. The resolution further requires states to submit a report detailing the steps they have taken.</p> <p> * Note: Only resolutions 1373 and 1456 have enforcement mechanisms. All other resolutions either reaffirm previous resolutions or simply condemn terrorist acts.</p> <p> </p> <h3> Endnotes:</h3> <p> 1 Resolution 1269, adopted by the U.N. Security Council on October 19, 1999, condemns all acts of terrorism and calls upon all states to cooperate to prevent and suppress terrorist activities within their borders and to exchange intelligence regarding terrorist activities.</p> <p> 2 These are actions with respect to peace, breaches of peace, and acts of aggression. </p> <p align="center"><font size="-1"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="index.html" target="_parent">Executive Summary</a> | <a href="intro.html" target="_parent">Introduction</a> | <a href="failed.html" target="_parent">A Failed Policy</a> | <a href="new.html" target="_parent">A New Framework</a> | <a href="change.html" target="_parent">Changing Course</a> | <a href="notes.html" target="_parent">Endnotes</a> <br> <a href="app1.html" target="_parent">App. 1: Funding for Counterterrorism</a> | <a href="app2.html" target="_parent">App. 2: Major U.N. Conventions Against Terrorism</a> | <br> App. 3: U.N. Security Council Resolutions Regarding Terrorism Post-September 11, 2001 <br> <a href="taskforce.html" target="_parent">Foreign Policy In Focus Task Force on Terrorism</a></font></font></p> <p align="center"> </p> <blockquote> <p align="center"><a href="../index.html" target="_parent"><img src="../../images/icon_fpif_25.jpg" width="113" height="38" border="0" alt="Return to FPIF homepage"></a></p> </blockquote> <div align="center"> <center> <table width="170" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" background="http://www.fpif.org/images/background_10-dark.jpg" mm_noconvert="TRUE"> <script language="javascript" src="/all_sites/email.js"></script> <form action="http://www.irc-online.org/lists/subscribe/" method="post" name="quick_subscribe" onSubmit="return valid_list_signup(this);" > <tr> <td><p align="center"> <input type="text" name="email" onFocus="enter_email(this);" value="email" size="17" > <br> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"> <input type="hidden" name="group" value="17"> <input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="http://www.fpif.org/pr-subscribe_confirm.html" > <input type="submit" name="subscribepr" value="subscribe" > <br> <font face="Arial" size="1">to receive weekly commentary and expert analysis via our <i>Progressive Response </i>ezine.</font> </td> </tr> </form> </table> </center> </div> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="600"> <tr> <td><p><font size="2">Published by Foreign Policy In Focus (FPIF), a joint project of the Interhemispheric Resource Center (IRC, online at <a href="http://www.irc-online.org/" target="_parent">www.irc-online.org</a>) and the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS, online at <a href="http://www.ips-dc.org/" target="_blank">www.ips-dc.org</a>). ©2004. All rights reserved.</font></p> <p><font size="2"><b>Recommended Citation</b><br> John Gershman, A Secure America in a Secure World, Foreign Policy In Focus (Silver City, NM: Interhemispheric Resource Center, September 2004).</font></p> <p><font size="2"><b>Web location</b>:<br> <a href="index.html" target="_parent">http://www.fpif.org/papers/04terror/index.html</a></font></p> <p><font size="2"><b>Production Information</b><br> Primary Author: John Gershman, IRC<br> Layout: Tonya Cannariato, IRC</font></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">This page was last modified on  September 1, 2004 4:52 PM  <br> Contact the <a href="mailto:web@fpif.org">IRC's webmaster</a> regarding the functionality of this website.<br> Copyright © 2002-2004 IRC. All rights reserved.</font></p> </div></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </body>