FPIF Special Report
September 2004

A Secure America
in a Secure World

Foreign Policy In Focus Task Force on Terrorism

PRIMARY AUTHOR

John Gershman
Co-director, Foreign Policy In Focus
Global Affairs Program Director, Interhemispheric Resource Center
(609) 688-0065
<john@irc-online.org>
<www.fpif.org/>
John Gershman is also an adjunct professor at NYU’s Robert F. Wagner Graduate School for Public Service. He was previously a research fellow at the Institute for Health and Social Justice (1995-2000) and policy director at the Institute for Food and Development Policy (1992-1995). He has co-edited two books on global economics and authored or co-authored several articles on security in the Asia/Pacific, including “Is Southeast Asia the Second Front?” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2002.

TASK FORCE MEMBERS

The members of the Task Force support this report as a positive alternative agenda to combat terrorism, without necessarily endorsing each program proposal within it. Organizational affiliations for identification purposes only.

Robert Alvarez
Senior Scholar
Nuclear Policy Project
Institute for Policy Studies
(202) 234-9382
<kitbob@starpower.net>
<www.ips-dc.org>
Robert Alvarez was senior policy adviser to the secretary of energy and deputy assistant secretary for national security and the environment from 1993-1999. Prior to joining the DOE, he served for five years as a senior investigator for the U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs and was a primary staff expert on nuclear weapons programs in the U.S. Senate.

Salih Booker
Executive Director
Africa Action
(202) 546-7961
<sbooker@africaaction.org>
<www.africaaction.org>
An FPIF advisory board member, Salih Booker directed the Africa Studies Program at the Council on Foreign Relations from 1995-1999. He was a professional staff member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the U.S. Congress and a program officer for the Ford Foundation in Eastern and Southern Africa. He has also served as consultant to Africare, African Development Foundation, and the United Nation Development Program.

Elsbeth L. Bothe
Board Member
Institute for Policy Studies
<ebothe@comcast.net>
<www.ips-dc.org>

John Cavanagh
Director
Institute for Policy Studies
(202) 234-9382, ext. 224
<jcavanagh@igc.org>
<www.ips-dc.org>
Prior to his current position, John Cavanagh directed the Global Economy Project at the Institute for Policy Studies. He was an international economist for the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (1978-1981) and the World Health Organization (1981-1982). He has co-authored 10 books and numerous articles on the global economy.

Marcus Corbin
Senior Analyst
Center for Defense Information
(202) 797-5282
<mcorbin@cdi.org>
<www.cdi.org/mrp>
Marcus Corbin is director of the Military Reform Project at CDI. He co-authored a broad review of national security policy at CDI in 2001 and has written a follow-up post-Sept. 11 monograph entitled Honing the Sword. He has covered defense issues since 1989, including U.S. military strategy, conflicts around the world, force structure, budgets, procurement, defense industry, and military reform.

David Cortright
President
Fourth Freedom Forum
(800) 233-6786, ext. 14
<dcortright@fourthfreedom.org>
<www.fourthfreedom.org>
David Cortright has been a research fellow at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame since 1989. He has served as consultant or adviser to various agencies of the United Nations, the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, the International Peace Academy , and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.

Kristen Dawkins
Vice President for International Programs and Director for the Trade and Global Governance Program
Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy
(612) 870-0453
<kdawkins@iatp.org>
<www.iatp.org>; <www.wtowatch.org>
Kristin Dawkins works on food security, environmental policy, and intellectual property issues. She’s an advisory board member of Foreign Policy In Focus. She has published numerous articles in journals from Europe, South Africa, and the United States. She is author of Global Governance: The Battle for Planetary Power.

Lloyd J. Dumas
Professor of Political Economy
University of Texas at Dallas
(972) 883-2010; (972) 394-4637
<ljdumas@utdallas.edu>
Lloyd Dumas was formerly associate professor of industrial and management engineering at Columbia University and served as a consultant to the Los Alamos National Laboratories. He has published in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and Defense News. He is the author most recently of Lethal Arrogance: Human Fallibility and Dangerous Technologies.

Rev. Dr. Robert W. Edgar
General Secretary
National Council of the Churches of Christ
(212) 870-2025
<redgar@ncccusa.org>
<www.ncccusa.org>
Dr. Robert Edgar served six terms in the U.S. House of Representatives for the Seventh District of Pennsylvania. Prior to directing the National Council of the Churches of Christ, he was president of Claremont Theological School, Claremont, California, from 1990-2000. He has worked as teacher, college chaplain, community organizer, and director of a “think tank” on national security issues.

John Feffer
Policy Analyst
Foreign Policy In Focus
(301) 779-3941
<johnfeffer@earthlink.net>
John Feffer was an overseas academic fellow at the Resource Center for Asian NGOs in Sungkonghoe University, Seoul, in 2001-2002. He is on the steering committee of the Alliance of Scholars Concerned about Korea and the advisory board of Foreign Policy in Focus. He wrote North Korea/South Korea: U.S. Policy at a Time of Crisis and edited Power Trip: U.S. Unilateralism and Global Strategy after September 11.

Van Gosse
Co-Chair
Historians Against War
(717) 291-4246
<vgosse@fandm.edu>
<www.historiansagainstwar.org>
Van Gosse is assistant professor of history at Franklin and Marshall College and a founding member of Historians Against the War. He served as organizing director for Peace Action (1995-2000) and executive director of the Center for Democracy of the Americas (1993-1994). He has written several books on U.S. history, politics, and foreign policy and works extensively in the peace movement.

William D. Hartung
President's Fellow
Arms Trade Resource Center
World Policy Institute
(212) 229-5808, ext. 106
<hartung@newschool.edu>
<www.worldpolicy.org>
William Hartung directs the Arms Trade Resource Center at the World Policy Institute. He was speechwriter and policy analyst for New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams and a project director at the New York-based Council on Economic Priorities. He is on the advisory board of Foreign Policy In Focus.

Colleen Kelly
Co-director
September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows
(212) 598-0970
<colleen@peacefultomorrows.org>
<www.peacefultomorrows.org>
Colleen Kelly's brother Bill Kelly Jr. was killed at the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. She co-founded September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows, which works to turn the grief of Sept. 11 into action for peace. The group advocates nonviolent options in pursuit of justice, thereby breaking the cycles of violence engendered by war and terrorism. Peaceful Tomorrows was nominated for the 2003 Nobel Peace prize.

Michael Klare
Professor of Peace & World Security Studies
Hampshire College
(413) 559-5563
<mklare@hampshire.edu>
<www.pawss.hampshire.edu>
Michael Klare serves on the board of the Arms Control Association, the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists, and the advisory board of the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch. He is a committee member on International Security Studies of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and an editorial board member of Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. His book, Blood and Oil, is forthcoming.

Dr. Lawrence J. Korb
Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress
Senior Adviser, Center for Defense Information
(202) 682-1611; (202) 332-0600
<lkorb@americanprogress.org>
<www.americanprogress.org>; <www.cdi.org>
Prior to joining the center, Dr. Lawrence J. Korb was a senior fellow and director of national security studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. Prior to joining the Council, he served as director of the Center for Public Policy Education and senior fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution. Dr. Korb served as assistant secretary of defense (manpower, reserve affairs, installations, and logistics) from 1981 through 1985. In that position, he administered about 70 percent of the defense budget. Dr. Korb served on active duty for four years as naval flight officer, and retired from the Naval Reserve with the rank of captain. He has written 20 books and more than 100 articles on national security issues.  

Jules Lobel
Professor
University of Pittsburgh Law School
(412) 648-1375
<lobel@law.pitt.edu>
<www.law.pitt.edu>
A professor of constitutional and international law, Jules Lobel has litigated issues regarding the application of international law in the U.S. courts. He advised the Nicaraguan government in development of its first democratic constitution and has also advised the Burundi government on constitutional law.

Robert K. Musil, Ph.D, M.P.H.
Executive Director & CEO
Physicians for Social Responsibility
(202) 667-4260, ext. 221
<bmusil@psr.org>
<www.psr.org>
Robert K. Musil is executive director and CEO of Physicians for Social Responsibility and adjunct professor for the Nuclear Studies Institute at American University. He has led PSR nuclear disarmament campaigns for a decade. He was also executive director of The Professionals’ Coalition for Nuclear Arms Control, and the executive producer and host of the syndicated radio program “Consider the Alternatives.”

Col. Dan Smith, U.S. Army (Ret.)
Senior Fellow
Military and Peaceful Prevention Policy
Friends Committee on National Legislation
(202) 547-6000
<dan@fcnl.org>
<www.fcnl.org>
Col. Dan Smith served as director of the Arms Trade Project at the Center for Defense Information and also as associate director for the Center for Defense Information. He is a graduate of the United States Military Academy, the Army Command and General Staff College, the Armed Forces Staff College, and the Army War College, and received an M.A. from Cornell University.

Joe Stork
Washington Director
Middle East / North Africa Division
Human Rights Watch
(202) 612-4321
<storkj@hrw.org>
<www.hrw.org>
Joe Stork graduated from Columbia University with an M.A. in international affairs, and he currently holds a position as editor of Middle East Report and serves on the advisory board for Foreign Policy In Focus.

Joe Volk
Executive Secretary
Friends Committee on National Legislation
(202) 547-6000, ext. 144
<joe@fcnl.org>
<www.fcnl.org>
Joe Volk directs the Friends Committee on National Legislation and also serves on the advisory board of Foreign Policy In Focus. He was secretary of peace education at the American Friends Service Committee. 

Bruce Zagaris
Partner
Berliner Corcoran & Rowe, L.L.P.
(202) 293-5555
<bzagaris@bcr-dc.com>
<www.bcr-dc.com>
Bruce Zagaris is a partner in the Washington, D.C., firm of Berliner Corcoran & Rowe and editor of the International Enforcement Law Reporter. He is currently an adjunct professor at the Washington College of Law, American University, in Washington and at the Fordham University Law School in New York, where he is teaching international business criminal law. He has also been an adjunct professor at the Center for International Legal Studies, Antioch College of Law, Washington, D.C.

John Zavales
Research Fellow
Cuny Center
(703) 549-1261
<zavalesjg@aol.com>
<www.thecunycenter.org>
John Zavales served in a variety of assignments in the Department of Defense from 1989 to 2001. He was responsible for management and oversight of DOD humanitarian activities in Kosovo following the end of the war. He next served as the desk officer for a number of Balkan and Central European countries in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Since leaving government service he has been an independent consultant and commentator on issues relating to humanitarian assistance, Balkan security, and defense policy.

Stephen Zunes
Professor, Department of Politics
University of San Francisco
(415) 422-6981
<zunes@usfca.edu>
<www.fpif.org>
Stephen Zunes is a professor of politics and chair of the peace & justice studies program at the University of San Francisco. He serves as Middle East editor for the Foreign Policy in Focus project and is the author of Tinderbox: U.S. Middle East Policy and the Roots of Terrorism (Common Courage Press, 2003).

HOW THIS REPORT WAS WRITTEN

This report builds upon FPIF’s previous efforts in articulating a strategy to combat terrorism produced in 2001. This report was drafted by a team of FPIF staffers led by John Gershman and includes contributions from Emira Woods, Miriam Pemberton, Erik Leaver, Julie Ajinkya, Emily Schwartz Greco, and Theo Rose.

The first draft of the report was circulated to task force members in July 2003. The report was revised based on feedback from task force members and others, and a revised version was circulated in June 2004. Additional revisions were made and the final report was issued in September 2004. The members of the Task Force support this report as a positive alternative agenda to combat terrorism, without necessarily endorsing each program proposal within it. Organizational affiliations for identification purposes only.

Executive Summary | Introduction | A Failed Policy | A New Framework | Changing Course | Endnotes
App. 1: Funding for Counterterrorism | App. 2: Major U.N. Conventions Against Terrorism |
App. 3: U.N. Security Council Resolutions Regarding Terrorism Post-September 11, 2001
Foreign Policy In Focus Task Force on Terrorism