The Foreign Policy In Focus project presents:

Weapons of Mass Destruction: Cold War Legacies in a Post-9.11 World

Biographies of Speakers:

Robert Alvarez
<kitbob@erols.com>
Robert Alvarez is currently a Senior Scholar at the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, DC, where he is focusing on nuclear disarmament, environmental, and energy policies. Between 1993 and 1999, Mr. Alvarez served as a Senior Policy Advisor to the Secretary and Deputy Assistant Secretary for National Security and the Environment in the Energy Department. He coordinated nuclear material strategic planning for the department and established the Department's first asset management program. Mr. Alvarez was awarded two Secretariat Gold Medals, the highest award given by the Department. Prior to joining the Department of Energy, Mr. Alvarez served as a Senior Investigator for the U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, as well as one of the Senate's primary staff experts on the U.S. nuclear weapons program. Robert Alvarez is an award-winning author and has published articles in such publications as Science Magazine, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Technology Review, and the Washington Post. He has been featured in television programs such as NOVA and 60 Minutes.

Bruce Blair
<bblair@cdi.org>
Bruce G. Blair was named the President of the Center for Defense Information Washington, DC in March, 2000, after 13 years at the Brookings Institution where he was a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program. He served in the U.S. Air Force as a Minuteman ICBM launch control officer and support officer for the Strategic Air Command's Airborne Command Post (1970-1974). He earned a M.S. in management sciences at Yale University in 1977 and a Ph.D. in operations research at Yale in 1984. Mr. Blair is an expert on the security policies of the United States and the former Soviet Union, specializing in nuclear forces and command-control systems. He also has extensively studied the Russian military-industrial economy. He has frequently testified before Congress and has taught security studies as a visiting professor at Yale and Princeton universities. He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship Prize in 1999. Mr. Blair is the author of numerous books and articles on security issues in such publications as Scientific American, National Interest, The New York Times, and The Washington Post. His books include Strategic Command and Control (Brookings, 1985), winner of the Edgar S. Furniss Award for its contribution to the study of national security; Crisis Stability and Nuclear War (Oxford, 1988, co-editor); The Logic of Accidental Nuclear War (Brookings, 1993); and Global Zero Alert for Nuclear Forces (Brookings, 1995). He also authored a chapter on de-alerting for The Nuclear Turning Point: A Blueprint for Deep Cuts and De-Alerting of Nuclear Weapons (Brookings, 1999) and a monograph, De-Alerting Strategic Forces (Brookings, 2000).

Yogesh Chandrani
<yrc@columbia.edu>
Yogesh Chandrani is currently a graduate student at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs. He was Assistant Director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies at Hampshire College, Amherst, MA from 1993-2000. He is co-editor with Michael Klare of World Security: Challenges for a New Century (St. Martin's Press, 2000).

Joseph Cirincione
<joseph@ceip.org>
Joseph Cirincione directs the Non-Proliferation Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He is a frequent media commentator on proliferation issues and defense policy. Prior to joining the Endowment, he was a senior associate at the Henry L. Stimson Center, where he directed several nuclear policy projects. He previously served for nine years as a professional staff member of both the House Armed Services Committee and the Government Operations Committee. Prior to his congressional service, he was associate director of the Central America Project at theEndowment, a special assistant to the associate director of the U.S. Information Agency, and an analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He is the editor of Repairing the Regime: The Crisis in Non-Proliferation Policy and is the author of numerous articles and reports on national security and threat reduction issues.

Frances FitzGerald
<frankiefitz@hotmail.com>
Frances FitzGerald is the author of Way Out There In The Blue: Reagan, Star Wars, and the End of the Cold War (2000). The book also was selected as a New York Times Editors' Choice, nominated for the National Book Critics Circle Award, and granted the New York Public Library Helen Bernstein Book Award. FitzGerald received both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award for Fire In the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam (1972). A revised and updated edition of FitzGerald's second book, America Revised: History Schoolbooks in the Twentieth Century (1979), was recently released and explores the politics of textbook publishing. FitzGerald's third book, Cities on a Hill: A Journey through Contemporary America (1986), examines four modern-day Utopias. FitzGerald is a frequent contributor to the New Yorker, and has written for numerous publications including The New York Review of Books, The New York Times Magazine, Esquire, Architectural Digest, Islands, and Rolling Stone. Her journalism has taken her to Vietnam, the Middle East, Europe, Central America, and the South Pacific. She serves on the editorial boards of The Nation and Foreign Policy, and is vice-president of PEN.

John Gershman
<jgershman@igc.org>
John Gershman is the Asia/Pacific Editor for Foreign Policy In Focus and a Senior Analyst with the Interhemispheric Resource Center. His publications include "A New Agenda to Counter Terrorism" (October 2001); and "Still the Pacific Century? U.S. Policy in Asia and the Pacific," Global Focus: U.S. Policy at the Turn of the Millennium (St. Martins Press, 2000). He received his MA in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley and is currently completing his Ph.D., also at Berkeley.

Michael Klare
<mklare@hampshire.edu>
Michael T. Klare is the Director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (a joint appointment at Amherst College, Hampshire College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst), a position he has held since 1985. Before assuming his present post, he served as Director of the Program on Militarism and Disarmament at the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, DC (1977-1984). Professor Klare serves on the board of directors of the Arms Control Association, Foreign Policy In Focus, the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists, and the advisory board of the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch. He is also a member of the Committee on International Security Studies of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Professor Klare has written widely on U.S. defense policy, the arms trade, and world security affairs. His writings include Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws (1995); American Arms Supermarket (1985) and Resource Wars (2001). Professor Klare is also the defense correspondent of The Nation, a Contributing Editor of Current History, and a member of the Editorial Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Kenneth Luongo
<kluongo@ransac.org>
Kenneth Luongo is currently the Senior Visiting Fellow at Princeton University and the Executive Director of the Russian-American Nuclear Security Advisory Council. He previously served as the Senior Advisor to the Secretary of Energy for Nonproliferation Policy and the Director of the Office of Arms Control and Nonproliferation at the U.S. Department of Energy. He is the author of "A Nuclear Crisis in Russia," Boston Globe (December 29, 1998) and "The Uncertain Future of U.S.-Russian Cooperative Security," Arms Control Today (January-February 2001).

Pavel Podvig
<ppl@armscontrol.org>
Pavel Podvig is currently a visiting researcher in Science and Global Security for the Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. He is permanently affiliated with the Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies at the Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology (MIPT). He has also served as a principal investigator of the Russian Nuclear Weapons Project since 1995. His expertise is in the fields of missile defenses and the ABM Treaty. His publications include "The Operational Status of the Russian Space-based Early Warning System," Science and Global Security (1994); "Modern Ballistic Missile Defenses and the ABM Treaty" in Russian, published by the Center for Arms Control Studies (1995), "A History of the ABM Treaty in Russia," Center for Arms Control, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (February, 2000), as well as "40,000 Warheads," Washington Post (February 6, 1999).

Michael Ratner
<mratner@igc.org>
Michael Ratner is an attorney and the vice-president of the Center for Constitutional Rights. He is currently the Skelly Wright Fellow at Yale Law School and a lecturer in law at Columbia Law School. While he has worked at the Center for Constitutional Rights most of his 27 years of practice, his other positions have included Special Counsel to Haitian President Aristide to assist in the prosecution of human rights crimes (1995-1996); Instructor, Yale Law School, International Human Rights Law Clinic (1990-1994); Legal Director, Center for Constitutional Rights (1984-1990); President, National Lawyers Guild (1982-1983); Instructor, N.Y.U. Law School, Federal Civil Rights Litigation (1973-1974); Clerk, U.S. District Court, Judge Constance Baker Motley (1970-1971). He graduated from Columbia Law School, (Magna Cum Laude) in 1970. Mr. Ratner has litigated federal court cases, many with co-counsel, in primarily four areas: international human rights, U.S. military intervention, federal surveillance activities, and protecting Haitian refugees. He is also the co-author of International Human Rights Litigation in U.S. Courts (Transnational Publishers, Inc, 1996).

Jonathan Schell
Jonathan Schell is currently The Nation's peace and disarmament correspondent, as well as the Harold Willens Peace Fellow at The Nation Institute. Mr. Schell is formerly a writer and editor with The New Yorker and has earned a reputation as one of the preeminent journalists of our day and one of the world's foremost authorities on the nuclear question. From 1990 until 1996, Schell wrote a column for Newsday and his writings have also appeared in Harper's, Atlantic Monthly, and the Washington Post. His most recent writings in The Nation are "A Hole in the World" (October 1, 2001), "The New Nuclear Danger" (June 25, 2001), and "War and Accountability" (May 21, 2001). He is the author of The Fate of the Earth (1982), The Gift of Time (1998), and the just-published The Unfinished Twentieth Century (2001).

Leon Sigal
<sigal@ssrc.org>
Leon V. Sigal is Director of the Northeast Asia Cooperative Security Project at the Social Science Research Council in New York. His most recent book, Hang Separately: Cooperative Security Between the United States and Russia, 1985-1994 was published last year. His book, Disarming Strangers: Nuclear Diplomacy with North Korea, was one of five nominees for the Lionel Gelber Prize as the most outstanding book in the field of international relations for 1997-1998 and was named the 1998 "book of distinction on the practice of American diplomacy" by the American Academy of Diplomacy. He was a member of the editorial board of the New York Times from 1989 to 1995. In 1979, he served as International Affairs Fellow in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs at the Department of State and in 1980 as Special Assistant to the Director. He is also the author of Alliance Security: NATO and the No-First-Use Question (with John Steinbruner); Nuclear Forces in Europe: Enduring Dilemmas, Present Prospects; and numerous articles in Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, Atlantic Monthly, and Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, among others. He edited The Changing Dynamics of U.S. Defense Spending, published by Praeger in 1999.

Amy Smithson
Amy E. Smithson is currently a Senior Associate at the Henry L. Stimson Center and director of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Project. She launched this project in January 1993 to serve as an information clearinghouse, watchdog, and problem-solver regarding chemical and biological weapons issues. Under its auspices, Dr. Smithson has conducted analytical research across the spectrum of complex topics associated with the control and elimination of chemical and biological weapons. Her research bridges the technical and policy communities to create problem-solving recommendations that both communities can feasibly execute. She received her doctorate in Political Science from George Washington University (1996), her masters in International Relations from Georgetown University (1984), and two bachelor's degrees in Political Science and Russian from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (1982).

Paul Walker
<pwalker@globalgreen.org>
Paul F. Walker is Director of the Legacy Program of Global Green USA, an effort focussing on military toxic waste cleanup and other legacies of the cold war. He was formerly a professional staff member of the Armed Services Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives where he served as a senior advisor to the Chairman and full committee. His responsibilities included Committee-wide policy analysis and guidance on military strategy, foreign policy, weapons technology, nonproliferation, arms control, and defense budget oversight. A political scientist specializing in foreign and national security policies, he holds a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and completed a two-year Post-Doctoral Fellowship at Harvard's Center for Science and International Affairs. Dr. Walker has lectured widely both in the U.S. and abroad and has published numerous books, articles, and op-eds on military and foreign policies. He has taught at M.I.T., Harvard, and Tufts University, among others.

Kimberly M. Zisk
<kz26@columbia.edu>
Professor Kimberly Zisk is currently an Associate Professor at Barnard College, Columbia University. Previously, she was a Visiting Fellow at the Nakasone Institute, Tokyo (Summer 2000), as well as a Visiting Scholar at the Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University (1993-1994). She was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University (1990-1991). In 1994, she received the Marshall Shulman Prize. Dr. Zisk received her A.B. from Harvard University and Ph.D. from Stanford University. Her publications include "In Terrorism's Wake" (September 19, 2001); Japan's United Nations Peacekeeping Dilemma (2001); Contact Lenses: Explaining U.S.-Russian Military-to-Military Ties (1999); and Weapons, Culture, and Self-Interest: Soviet Defense Managers in the New Russia (1998).